There are a number of forces causing Gulf Stream
flow but one critical component is gravity.
Water at the equator is saltier than water at the
poles. Salt water is denser (heavier per unit
volume) so as it moves northward, it sinks. This
sinking, in effect, pulls the Gulf Stream along.
However, and here is the scary part, as the
Greenland and Arctic ice melts due to global climate
change, it dilutes the Gulf Stream water, makes it
less dense, and consequently, slows the Gulf Stream
making it
less dense and slowing the sink-rate of the Gulf Stream.
What this means in the long term is hard to say but
you can be sure that Europeans are concerned because
Europe’s mostly pleasant climate depends on a robust
Gulf Stream.
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