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Dear Mark,

The Energy Miser #7, January 26, 2007

I've completed my first two climate change presentations. One was a group of sixth graders in Boxborough, MA. The other was a doctor I sat next to on a recent flight. Poor guy :-)

I have several scheduled. You can see my schedule of upcoming climate change talks here.

What do volcanoes and jumbo jets have in common? They can both block out the sun. But they do it in different ways.

Perhaps you have heard of the year without a summer. In 1816 the Northeast US, Canada, and Europe experienced dramatically colder summers with frosts well into May. These late frosts wiped out crops and caused a great deal of suffering. Why?

Shortly before this strange weather event, several volcanoes erupted around the world. The most notable was Mount Tambora which launched an estimated 154 trillion tons of earth skyward.

Dust from the volcanic eruptions allowed larger water droplets to form in the clouds and these larger water droplets prevented sunlight from reaching the earth.

The US Jumbo Jet fleet was grounded from September 11, to September 14 2001. During that time, scientists noticed a 2 degree Fahrenheit increase in average daytime temperatures.

The most likely explanation for this temperature increase was the lack of condensation trails generated by jets flying at high altitudes.

Con-trails are created by the exhaust of the jets. Moisture from the jets precipitates out of the exhaust and freezes. The ice acts like tiny mirrors reflecting energy back into space and, in effect, masking some of the effects of increased carbon dioxide concentrations. (source: The Weather Makers: How Man is Changing the Climate and What it Means for Life on Earth)

A recent report in USA Today indicates that the Alps' glaciers are shrinking at 3% per year. At that rate, the glaciers will be half their current size in 22 years.

The Pasterze Glacier in the Austrian Alps is an example. Here are pictures of the glacier from 1900 and 2000.



Why should we care about glaciers? In some areas glacial melt will cause flooding. In other areas, glaciers are the only source of fresh water. In either case, disappearing glaciers will have dire consequences.
I plugged my 12 year old refrigerator into the Kill-A-Watt and left it on over night. In 24 hours it used about 1.8 kilowatt-hours. That's about 75 watts per hour and 54 kilowatt-hours per month. Not bad for such a large appliance.

A few years ago, I splurged and bought a phone system with six wireless extensions. The extensions can go anywhere, no wires (except the "base" station). It is a wonderfully convenient system. But...

Each charger base without the phone, draws 2 watts and with the phone, draws 4 watts. Assuming all the phones are in the charger all the time, 6 phones x 4 watts = 24 watts. 24 watts x 24 hours = 576 watt hours or .576 kilowatt-hours per day, times 30 days = 17 kilowatt-hours.

My phones use almost a third of the electricity my refrigerator uses!

Time to go back to using "wired" phones.
Zoning can make installing a wind turbine a challenge. In many towns, the zoning laws are written to exclude unanticipated uses. For example, in my town of Hudson, the zoning document contains a table describing the various zones and their allowed uses. Near the table the document states, "If a use is not specifically allowed, it is not allowed." Since the zoning usage table was developed years ago, there is no provision for a small wind turbine therefore, they are not allowed.

While frustrating, all is not lost. Zoning laws can be changed. One of my customers is in the process of doing this now, another customer is considering it.

In the most difficult cases, The process starts by writing the changes and submitting them to your town's zoning and planning board. (in the case of small wind, many wind organizations offer "generic" zoning regulations as a starting point). The planning board runs public hearings then typically, the finalized regulation must be approved by residents at town meeting.

In many cases, the zoning is not quite so restrictive and you'll only need a special permit. And, believe it or not, some towns require nothing.

If you are considering a wind turbine but don't know the zoning. Give me a call. I'll check for you.

I've investigated a number of towns already:
Exclusionary Zoning: Hudson, Berlin, Harvard, Auburn, Sutton
Special permit: Stow, Framingham, Hopkinton
Standard building permit: North Brookfield

If you find this newsletter valuable, please forward it to your friends and relatives.

Thanks for Reading the Energy Miser,


Mark Durrenberger
New England Breeze, LLC

phone: 978-212-2665